Pair of ivory guardian lions / lions of Fo / lion dogs (shi shi) on wooden lotus bases used to protect from evil spirits. The curly hair on the lions usually depicts a high rank in society. The male lion holds a ball under his paw, symbolising power and authority, representing control over the world and protection of the home or collection it guards. The female lion is portrayed to be cradling a cub under her paw, deemed to be conveying protection, nurturing, and the continuity of lineage. Together, the pair embodies complementary yin-yang principles — the male asserting strength and the female ensuring protection and care. It is typical that the male stands on the right hand side looking at the public while the female stands on his left. Larger examples of Chinese guardian lions are for temple or architectural use, however this small pair was most likely crafted with the intention of a luxury decorative object or presentation gift for the home. Probably late Qing dynasty. In 2018, China banned trade in ivory, including both commercial ivory importation and domestic ivory sales.

Rather than being realistic depictions of lions, shi shi are mythical creatures shaped by artistic exaggeration and symbolism. Their fierce expressions and alert postures emphasise vigilance and strength. As Ri Fang Hao explains:

“The guardian stone lion is a unique creation in Chinese culture that integrates history, art, religion and folklore. Evolving from an exotic rare animal to a divine beast protecting homes and the nation, its image is deeply imprinted in the collective memory of Chinese people.”

Ri Fang Hao, Project Participant

Take the 3D Tour: Male lion and Female Lion